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1.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 31(4): 447-455, out.-dez. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058046

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um protocolo de manejo da dor e redução do consumo de opioides no consumo geral de opioides e nos desfechos clínicos. Métodos: Estudo em centro único, quasi-experimental, retrospectivo, de coortes antes e depois. Utilizamos uma série temporal interrompida para analisar as alterações no nível e na tendência de utilização de diferentes analgésicos. Foram usadas comparações bivariadas nas coortes antes e depois, regressão logística e regressão quantílica para estimativas ajustadas. Resultados: Incluímos 988 pacientes no período pré-intervenção e 1.838 no período pós-intervenção. O consumo de fentanil teve ligeiro aumento gradual antes da intervenção (β = 16; IC95% 7 - 25; p = 0,002), porém diminuiu substancialmente em nível com a intervenção (β = - 128; IC95% -195 - -62; p = 0,001) e, a partir de então, caiu progressivamente (β = - 24; IC95% -35 - -13; p < 0,001). Houve tendência crescente de utilização de dipirona. A duração da ventilação mecânica foi significantemente menor (diferença mediana: - 1 dia; IC95% -1 - 0; p < 0,001), especialmente para pacientes mecanicamente ventilados por períodos mais longos (diferença no 50º percentil: -0,78; IC95% -1,51 - -0,05; p = 0,036; diferença no 75º percentil: -2,23; IC95% -3,47 - -0,98; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Um protocolo de manejo da dor conseguiu reduzir o consumo de fentanil na unidade de terapia intensiva. Esta estratégia se associou com menor duração da ventilação mecânica.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of an opioid-sparing pain management protocol on overall opioid consumption and clinical outcomes. Methods: This was a single-center, quasi-experimental, retrospective, before and after cohort study. We used an interrupted time series to analyze changes in the levels and trends of the utilization of different analgesics. We used bivariate comparisons in the before and after cohorts as well as logistic regression and quantile regression for adjusted estimates. Results: We included 988 patients in the preintervention period and 1,838 in the postintervention period. Fentanyl consumption was slightly increasing before the intervention (β = 16; 95%CI 7 - 25; p = 0.002) but substantially decreased in level with the intervention (β = - 128; 95%CI -195 - -62; p = 0.001) and then progressively decreased (β = - 24; 95%CI -35 - -13; p < 0.001). There was an increasing trend in the utilization of dipyrone. The mechanical ventilation duration was significantly lower (median difference: - 1 day; 95%CI -1 - 0; p < 0.001), especially for patients who were mechanically ventilated for a longer time (50th percentile difference: -0.78; 95%CI -1.51 - -0.05; p = 0.036; 75th percentile difference: -2.23; 95%CI -3.47 - -0.98; p < 0.001). Conclusion: A pain management protocol could reduce the intensive care unit consumption of fentanyl. This strategy was associated with a shorter mechanical ventilation duration.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Pain/drug therapy , Critical Care/methods , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Intensive Care Units , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Interrupted Time Series Analysis , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Middle Aged
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(6): 529-536, nov.-Dec. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057480

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: There are few data in the literature characterizing the pattern of analgesic use in Latin American countries, including Brazil. Little is known about the undertreatment of pain and its influence on the habit of self-medication with analgesics. The aim of this study is to define the pattern of analgesic use among chronic pain patients and its potential association with self-medication with analgesics. Method: Cross-sectional observational study with an urban population sample. Chronic pain was defined as a pain lasting for at least 90 days. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution. Results: 416 subjects were included; 45.7 % (n = 190) had chronic pain, with females (72.3 %; p = 0.04) being the most affected. Self-medication with analgesics is practiced by 78.4% of patients with chronic pain. The most common current analgesic treatment consists of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (dipyrone and acetaminophen). Weak opioids are rarely used and only 2.6% of subjects with chronic pain were taking these analgesics. None of the subjects were taking potent opioids. Conclusions: The practice of self-medication with analgesics is frequent among patients with chronic pain, which may be due to the underprescription of more potent analgesics, such as opioids. It can also be said that, given the data presented, there is no crisis of recreational opioid use in the studied population.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Há poucos dados na literatura que caracterizam o padrão de uso de analgésicos na América Latina e no Brasil. Também se sabe pouco sobre o subtratamento da dor e sua influência no hábito de automedicação analgésica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é definir o padrão de uso de analgésicos entre os portadores de dor crônica (DC) e a sua potencial associação à automedicação analgésica. Método: Estudo observacional transversal com amostra de população urbana. A dor crônica foi definida como aquela presente por pelo menos 90 dias. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa institucional. Resultados: Foram incluídos 416 indivíduos; 45,7% (n = 190) portadores de dor crônica, sendo os do sexo feminino (72,3%; p = 0,04) os mais acometidos. A automedicação analgésica é praticada por 78,4% dos portadores de dor crônica. O tratamento analgésico vigente mais frequente é composto pelos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINES), dipirona e paracetamol. Os opioides fracos são pouco usados e apenas 2,6% dos indivíduos com dor crônica fazem uso desses analgésicos. Nenhum dos indivíduos estava em uso de opioides potentes. Conclusões: A prática de automedicação analgésica é frequente entre os portadores de dor crônica, o que pode ser consequência da pouca prescrição de analgésicos mais potentes, como os opioides. Pode-se também dizer que, pelos dados apresentados, não ocorre uma crise de uso recreativo de opioides na população estudada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Self Medication/statistics & numerical data , Chronic Pain/drug therapy , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Acetaminophen/administration & dosage , Middle Aged
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 78(2): 98-102, mar.-abr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003572

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivos: Quantificar a dor dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de facoemulsificação sob anestesia tópica e anestesia tópica mais dipirona e avaliar se há correlação da dor com o tempo operatório, a graduação da catarta e a Energia Ultrassônica Dissipada Acumulada. Métodos: Cento e quatro olhos de 52 pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgia de catarata por facoemulsificação. Um olho foi submetido a anestesia tópica associado à sedação. O outro olho foi submetido a anestesia anterior acrescida de 1g de dipirona venosa. 15 minutos e 24 horas após a cirurgia, uma Escala Visual de Dor era respondida. Registraram-se a graduação da catarata, tempo cirúrgico, energia ultrassônica. Resultados: Dor no grupo sem dipirona 15 minutos e 24 horas apresentou decréscimo com correlação estatística significativa (p=0,004). Não houve significância estatística na redução da dor no grupo submetido à infusão de dipirona. Pacientes com cataratas de maior graduação apresentaram dor maior no pós-operatório (p=0,046). Conclusão: Ausência de redução significativa da dor com a dipirona apresentou resultados semelhantes a outros estudos. Redução da dor 24 horas após a cirurgia no grupo sem o analgésico pode ser devido à subjetividade da dor. Pacientes com cataratas de grau mais avançados apresentam dor mais intensa.


Abstract Objectives: Evaluate the effect of intraoperative endovenous administration of dipyrone on postoperative pain in patients submitted to phacoemulsification by correlating pain scores with duration of surgery and the amount of cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) delivered to the eye. Methods: The sample consisted of 104 eyes from 52 patients submitted to phacoemulsification under topic anesthesia and sedation. In each patient, one eye was treated intraoperatively with 1g dipyrone. Information was collected on cataract grade/type, duration of surgery and CDE. Postoperative pain was scored on a visual analog scale at 15 min and 24 hours. Results: Between 15 min and 24 hours, pain decreased significantly (p=0.004) among patients not treated with dipyrone, but no change was observed in patients receiving dipyrone. Caratact severity was positively associated with postoperative pain (p=0.046). Conclusion: The absence of a measurable effect of dipyrone on pain scores matched the literature. The decrease in pain scores at 24 hours among patients not treated with dipyrone may be explained by the influence of subjective psychological factors on pain perception. Higher grades of cataract were associated with greater postoperative pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Pain Measurement , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Phacoemulsification/methods , Anesthesia and Analgesia/methods , Postoperative Care , Administration, Topical , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Pain Management/methods , Administration, Intravenous , Intraoperative Care , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage
4.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 41(2): 84-89, Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003524

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To compare low doses of pethidine with dipyrone in labor analgesia. Methods In a randomized prospective study conducted by Universidade de Fortaleza, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, between May and December 2016, 200 full-term parturients, with very painful uterine contractions and exhibiting uterine cervix dilatation ≥ 5 cm, were selected to receive a single intravenous dose of either 0.25 mg/kg of pethidine (n = 100) or of 25 mg/kg of dipyrone (n = 100). Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale. The data were analyzed using the Student t-test, the chi-square test and the likelihood ratio. Results There was a significant improvement in pain in 35% of the parturients. Both drugs presented a similar analgesic effect 1 hour after the intervention (p = 0.692). There was no analgesic effect during the evaluation of the second hour after the intervention with pethidine or dipyrone. There were no adverse effects, such as maternal drowsiness, nausea or vomiting, related to the drugs used. Conclusion Pethidine in low doses and dipyrone presented equivalent analgesia during labor. Public Registry of Clinical TrialsRBR-4hsyy4.


Resumo Objetivo Comparar doses baixas de petidina com dipirona na analgesia de parto. Métodos Em um estudo prospectivo randomizado realizado pela Universidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, entre maio e dezembro de 2016, 200 parturientes a termo, com contrações uterinas muito dolorosas e apresentando dilatação do colo uterino ≥ 5 cm, foram selecionadas para receber dose única intravenosa de 0,25 mg/kg de petidina (n = 100) ou 25 mg/kg de dipirona (n = 100). A dor foi avaliada pela escala visual analógica. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes t de Student, qui-quadrado e razão de verossimilhança. Resultados Houve melhora significativa da dor em 35% das parturientes. Ambas as drogas apresentaram efeito analgésico semelhante 1 hora após a intervenção (p = 0.692). Inexistiu efeito analgésico durante a avaliação da segunda hora após a intervenção com a petidina ou com a dipirona. Não houve efeitos adversos, como sonolência, náuseas ou vômitos maternos, relacionados aos medicamentos utilizados. Conclusão A petidina em doses baixas e a dipirona apresentaram analgesia equivalente durante o trabalho de parto. Registro público de testes clínicosRBR-4hsyy4.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Analgesia, Obstetrical/methods , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Meperidine/administration & dosage , Apgar Score , Infusions, Intravenous , Drug Administration Schedule , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Labor Pain/drug therapy
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 52(2): e8103, 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974278

ABSTRACT

Dipyrone (metamizole), acting through its main metabolites 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine and 4-amino-antipyrine, has established analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic pharmacological effects, which are mediated by poorly known mechanisms. In rats, intravenously administered dipyrone delays gastric emptying (GE) of liquids with the participation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers. This effect seems to be mediated by norepinephrine originating from the sympathetic nervous system but not from the superior celiac-mesenteric ganglion complex, which activates β2-adrenoceptors. In rats, in contrast to nonselective non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, dipyrone protects the gastric mucosa attenuating the development of gastric ulcers induced by a number of agents. Clinically, it has been demonstrated that dipyrone is effective in the control of colic-like abdominal pain originating from the biliary and intestinal tracts. Since studies in humans and animals have demonstrated the presence of β2-adrenoceptors in biliary tract smooth muscle and β2-adrenoceptor activation has been shown to occur in dipyrone-induced delayed GE, it is likely that this kind of receptors may participate in the reduction of smooth muscle spasm of the sphincter of Oddi induced by dipyrone. There is no evidence that dipyrone may interfere with small bowel and colon motility, and the clinical results of its therapeutic use in intestinal colic appear to be due to its analgesic effect.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Ampyrone/pharmacology , Antipyrine/pharmacology , Dipyrone/pharmacology , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Autonomic Nerve Block , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar
6.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 26: e12706, jan.-dez. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-964177

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar as diferenças entre volume e número de gotas de dipirona (via oral) por mililitro controlando algumas variáveis. Método: trata-se de um estudo experimental, com abordagem quantitativa, que foi realizado a partir de dados obtidos em experimentos realizados em laboratório, com dois tipos de conta-gotas, temperaturas de 5o e 35o Celsius, além da temperatura ambiente (30o Celsius), de laboratório e os ângulos de 90°, 60° e 45° utilizados para dispensar dipirona. Resultados: com base nos dados coletados, considerou-se que o ângulo de maior confiança para atingir o volume de 20 gotas por cada ml é o ângulo de 90o com o conta-gotas de vidro; em relação à temperatura, a maior confiança no volume de gotas desejado foi alcançada no intervalo de 5o e 30oCelsius. Conclusão: os resultados indicam a necessidade de seguir rigorosamente as orientações do fabricante para que se possa atingir a dose certa na administração de medicamento.


Objective: to determine the differences between volume and number of drops of dipyrone (oral) per milliliter, while controlling some variables. Method: this study applied quantitative analysis to data obtained in laboratory experiments with two types of droppers, temperatures of 5o and 35o Celsius, in addition to ambient temperature (30o Celsius), and the 90°, 60° and 45° angles used to dispense dipyrone. Results: based on the data collected, it was considered that, with the glass dropper, the angle of greatest confidence to achieve the volume of 20 drops per ml is 90o. In relation to temperature, the highest confidence in the desired volume of drops was achieved in the 5o to 30o Celsius interval. Conclusion: the results indicate the need to follow manufacturer's guidelines strictly, so as to achieve the correct dose for drug administration.


Objetivo: determinar las diferencias entre volumen y número de gotas de dipirona (vía oral) por mililitro controlando algunas variables. Método: se trata de un estudio experimental, con enfoque cuantitativo realizado con datos obtenidos en experimentos realizados en laboratorio, con dos tipos de cuentagotas, temperaturas de 5o y 35o Celsius, temperatura ambiente (30° Celsius) de laboratorio y los ángulos de 90°, 60° y 45° para gotear dipirona. Resultados: con base en los datos recolectados, se consideró que el ángulo de mayor confianza para alcanzar el volumen de 20 gotas por cada ml es el ángulo de 90o con el cuentagotas de vidrio. Respecto a la temperatura, la mayor confianza en el volumen de gotas deseado fue alcanzada en el intervalo de 5o y 30o Celsius. Conclusión: los resultados indican la necesidad de seguir rigurosamente las orientaciones del fabricante para alcanzar la dosis correcta en la administración de medicamentos.


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Patient Harm , Nursing Care , Brazil , Clinical Trial
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(10): e5948, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888932

ABSTRACT

Atropine (AT) and dipyrone (Dp) induce a delay of gastric emptying (GE) of liquids in rats by inhibiting muscarinic receptors and activating β2-adrenergic receptors, respectively. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of pretreatment with AT and Dp, given alone or in combination, on the effect of hypoglycemia in the liquid GE in rats. Male Wistar adult rats (280-310 g) were pretreated intravenously with AT, Dp, AT plus Dp or their vehicle and then treated 30 min later with iv insulin or its vehicle (n=8-10 animals/group). Thirty min after treatment, GE was evaluated by determining, in awake rats, the percent gastric retention (%GR) of a saline meal labeled with phenol red administered by gavage. The results indicated that insulin induced hypoglycemia in a dose-dependent manner resulting in a significant reduction in %GR of liquid only at the highest dose tested (1 U/kg). Pretreatment with AT significantly increased %GR in the rats treated with 1 U/kg insulin. Surprisingly, after pretreatment with AT, the group treated with the lowest dose of insulin (0.25 U/kg) displayed significantly lower %GR compared to its control (vehicle-treated group), which was not seen in the non-pretreated animals. Pretreatment with Dp alone at the dose of 40 mg/kg induced an increase in %GR in both vehicle and 0.25 U/kg-treated rats. A higher dose of Dp alone (80 mg/kg) significantly reduced the effect of a marked hypoglycemia induced by 1 U/kg of insulin on GE while in combination with AT the effect was completely abolished. The results with AT suggest that moderate hypoglycemia may render the inhibitory mechanisms of GE ineffective while Dp alone and in combination with AT significantly overcame the effect of hypoglycemia on GE.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Atropine/pharmacology , Dipyrone/pharmacology , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Hypoglycemia/physiopathology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Atropine/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Therapy, Combination , Hypoglycemia/chemically induced , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Insulin/administration & dosage , Models, Animal , Premedication , Rats, Wistar
8.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(2): 194-196, Mar.-Apr. 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777416

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Kounis syndrome is defined as the coincidental occurrence of allergic reaction and acute coronary syndrome secondary to vasospasm. Anti-inflammatory drugs are included as one of the multiple causes. Current data available about this syndrome come from case reports. We present the case of a patient who suffered Kounis syndrome with cardiogenic shock and asystole after intravenous infusion of Metamizole, and in which no lesions were observed in coronariography.


RESUMO A síndrome de Kounis é definida como a ocorrência concomitante de reação alérgica e síndrome coronariana aguda secundária ao vasoespasmo. Os medicamentos anti-inflamatórios estão incluídos como uma das múltiplas causas. Os dados atuais disponíveis sobre essa síndrome são provenientes de relatos de caso. Relatamos o caso de um paciente que apresentou síndrome de Kounis com choque cardiogênico e assistolia após infusão intravenosa de metamizol e no qual não foram observadas lesões na coronariografia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Dipyrone/adverse effects , Coronary Vasospasm/chemically induced , Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/chemically induced , Shock, Cardiogenic/chemically induced , Syndrome , Infusions, Intravenous , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Coronary Angiography/methods
9.
Rev. cientif. cienc. med ; 19(1): 39-44, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-797300

ABSTRACT

La Asociación Internacional para el Estudio del Dolor (IASP) define el dolor como una experiencia sensorial y emocional desagradable con daño tisular actual o potencial descrito en términos de dicho daño. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la eficacia y seguridad de la combinación de metamizol - tramadol en comparación con el metamizol - ketorolaco en el manejo del dolor postoperatorio de colecistectomía laparoscópica del Hospital Obrero N° 2. Se realizó un estudio analítico, longitudinal, ensayo clínico aleatorizado. El análisis de los datos fue no paramétrico: las variables ordinales y nominales con tablas de frecuencia; variables continuas y discretas con medidas de posición, Escala Visual Analgésica (EVA) prueba de hipótesis U de Mann-Whitney mediante el programa SPSS® versión 22.5 para Windows. Los resultados mostraron que es eficaz y seguro la utilización de la asociación de esquema 1 (metamizol - tramadol) en comparación al esquema 2 (metamizol - ketorolaco) debido a que la EVA del dolor es significativa (p < 0,05) prueba de U de Mann-Whitney.Además, ambos esquemas de tratamiento tienen una conformidad analgésica satisfactoria. Sin embargo, tienen efectos adversos similares en ambos esquemas de tratamiento. Por lo tanto se acepta la hipótesis alternativa.


The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience with actual or potential tissue damage described in terms of such damage. The objetive of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of the combination of metamizol - tramadol compared to metamizol - ketorolac in postoperative pain management in laparoscopic cholecystectomy Hospital Obrero No. 2. An analytical, longitudinal study, clinical trial randomized.The analysis was nonparametric data: ordinal and nominal variables with frequency tables; continuous and discrete variables with position measurements,Visual Analgesic Scale (EVA) hypothesis test U Mann-Whitney through the program SPSS® version 22.5 for Windows. The results showed that it is effective and safe use of the association scheme 1 (metamizol - tramadol) compared to scheme 2 (metamizol - ketorolac) EVA because the pain is significant (p <0.05) U test Mann-Whitney. In addition, both schemes have a satisfactory analgesic treatment compliance. However, they have similar adverse effects in both treatment regimens. Therefore the alternative hypothesis is accepted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods
10.
J. bras. med ; 101(5): 33-40, set.-out. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-706144

ABSTRACT

Um dos grandes desafios da medicina clínica cirúrgica é a terapêutica da pancreatite aguda (PA), em especial na forma grave, na qual a necrose da glândula e da gordura peripancreática tem sido o fator de risco predominante para a má evolução. Nos EUA, mais de 300 mil pacientes são admitidos anualmente por conta da PA e cerca de 20 mil evoluem para óbito neste mesmo período. A prevenção da síndrome de resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SRIS), da infecção e da sepse diminuiria a falência múltipla de órgãos e a morbiletalidade


One of the challenges in clinical medicine surgery is the treatment of acute pancreatitis (PA), specially in severe ones, in which gland necrosis and fat peripancreatic have been the main risk fact for not effective evolution. In USA, over three hundred thousand of patients are anually admitted due acute pancreatitis and about two hundred thousand of patients die in this same phase. The prevention for systemic inflammatory response syndrome, infection and sepsis would reduce multiple organ failure and the mortality


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/complications , Pancreatitis/therapy , Anti-Infective Agents , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Fluid Therapy/methods , Sepsis/prevention & control , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/prevention & control , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 46(9): 735-738, 19/set. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-686572

ABSTRACT

Dipyrone (Dp), 4-aminoantipyrine (AA), and antipyrine (At) delay liquid gastric emptying (GE) in rats. We evaluated adrenergic participation in this phenomenon in a study in male Wistar rats (250-300 g) pretreated subcutaneously with guanethidine (GUA), 100 mg·kg−1·day−1, or vehicle (V) for 2 days before experimental treatments. Other groups of animals were pretreated intravenously (iv) 15 min before treatment with V, prazosin (PRA; 1 mg/kg), yohimbine (YOH; 3 mg/kg), or propranolol (PRO; 4 mg/kg), or with intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of 25 µg PRO or V. The groups were treated iv with saline or with 240 µmol/kg Dp, AA, or At. GE was determined 10 min later by measuring the percentage of gastric retention (%GR) of saline labeled with phenol red 10 min after gavage. %GR (mean±SE, n=8) indicated that GUA abolished the effect of Dp (GUA vs V=31.7±1.6 vs 47.1±2.3%) and of At (33.2±2.3 vs 54.7±3.6%) on GE and significantly reduced the effect of AA (48.1±3.2 vs 67.2±3.1%). PRA and YOH did not modify the effect of the drugs. %GR (mean±SE, n=8) indicated that iv, but not icv, PRO abolished the effect of Dp (PRO vs V=29.1±1.7 vs 46.9±2.7%) and At (30.5±1.7 vs 49±3.2%) and significantly reduced the effect of AA (48.4±2.6 vs 59.5±3.1%). These data suggest activation of peripheral β-adrenoceptors in the delayed GE induced by phenylpyrazolone derivatives.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Adrenergic Antagonists/administration & dosage , Ampyrone/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Antipyrine/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism , Infusions, Intraventricular , Phenolsulfonphthalein , Prazosin/administration & dosage , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Yohimbine/administration & dosage
12.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 89(1): 25-32, jan.-fev. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668822

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: As evidências sobre a eficácia do uso alternado de antitérmicos no manejo da febre são escassas e apontam diferenças clinicamente desprezíveis. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever condutas terapêuticas e uso alternado de antipiréticos em crianças, e avaliar fatores associados ao uso alternado. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 692 crianças de zero a seis anos, residentes no Sul do Brasil. Por meio de amostragem por conglomerados, foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares com os cuidadores, utilizando questionário estruturado. Foi realizada análise descritiva e avaliada a associação entre o uso alternado de antipiréticos e fatores sociodemográficos. Foram analisados 630 casos (91,0%), correspondendo às crianças com histórico de febre. RESULTADOS: Cerca de 73% dos cuidadores informaram que a primeira medida adotada no último episódio de febre foi administrar medicamentos. A média de temperatura considerada febre foi de 37,4 ºC, e febre alta, 38,7 ºC. A utilização de terapia alternada com antipiréticos foi relatada por 26,7% dos entrevistados, justificada pela ausência de resposta à monoterapia e indicação médica, na maioria dos casos. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram dipirona e paracetamol. Crianças cujo principal cuidador era um dos pais, com melhores condições socioeconômicas e maior nível educacional, receberam mais medicamentos alternados. Cerca de 70% das doses utilizadas estavam abaixo da dose mínima recomendada para tratamento de febre. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de medicamentos para controlar a febre é uma prática comum, incluindo esquemas alternados de antipiréticos. A maioria dos cuidadores considera como febre temperaturas inferiores às preconizadas, e apontou não resposta à monoterapia e indicação médica como as principais razões para o uso alternado.


OBJECTIVE: The evidence on the effectiveness of alternating antipyretics in fever management is scarce and indicates clinically negligible differences. The present study aimed to describe therapeutic procedures and the use of alternating antipyretics in children, and to evaluate associated factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 692 children aged 0 to 6 years, living in Southern Brazil. Household interviews of the children's caregivers were conducted through cluster sampling using a structured questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and the association between the use of alternating antipyretics and sociodemographic factors was evaluated. A total of 630 cases were analyzed (91.0%), corresponding to children with a history of fever. RESULTS: Approximately 73% of caregivers reported that the first measure adopted during the last fever episode was the administration of medication. The mean temperature considered as fever by caregivers was 37.4 ºC, and as high fever, 38.7 ºC. The use of alternating antipyretic therapy was reported by 26.7% of respondents, justified by the lack of response to monotherapy and medical indication, in most cases. The drugs most often used were dipyrone and paracetamol. Children whose primary caregiver was a parent with higher socioeconomic status and higher educational level received more alternating medications. Approximately 70% of the doses used were below the minimum recommended dose for the treatment of fever. CONCLUSIONS: The use of medication to control fever is a common practice, including alternating antipyretic regimens. Most caregivers consider as fever temperatures lower than those established and they reported lack of response to monotherapy and medical indication as the main reasons for alternating medication.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Antipyretics/administration & dosage , Fever/drug therapy , Acetaminophen/administration & dosage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Administration Schedule , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , Fever/diagnosis , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Population
13.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 79(1): 89-94, jan.-fev. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-667981

ABSTRACT

O manejo da dor pós-amigdelectomia pode ser feito com uma série de medicamentos. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo duplo-cego placebo controlado pretendeu avaliar a eficácia de paracetamol e dipirona administrados por via endovenosa na analgesia de pacientes pediátricos pós-amigdelectomia. MÉTODO: Cento e vinte crianças com idades entre três e seis anos submetidas à amigdelectomia com ou sem adenoidectomia e/ou entubação foram randomizadas para receber infusões de paracetamol (15 mg/kg), dipirona (15 mg/kg) ou placebo (0,9% NaCl) durante a cirurgia. As avaliações foram executadas com 0,25, 0,50, 1, 2, 4, 6h de pós-operatório. Petidina 0,25 mg/kg foi utilizada como analgésico de resgate. Dose acumulada de petidina foi o desfecho primário. Medições de intensidade da dor, alívio da dor, nível de sedação, náusea e vômitos, hemorragia no pós-operatório e outros efeitos adversos foram anotados. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada na dose acumulada de petidina entre os grupos paracetamol e dipirona. A dose acumulada de petidina foi significativamente menor nos grupos paracetamol e dipirona em comparação ao grupo placebo. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre os escores de dor no pós-operatório dos grupos durante o estudo. CONCLUSÃO: Paracetamol endovenoso tem eficácia analgésica semelhante à da dipirona endovenosa; ambos ajudam a reduzir a necessidade de opioides na analgesia pós-operatória de pacientes pediátricos submetidos à amigdelectomia em hospital-dia.


Tonsillectomy is associated with severe postoperative pain for which, several drugs are employed for management. OBJECTIVE: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous paracetamol and dipyrone when used for post-tonsillectomy analgesia in children. METHOD: 120 children aged 3-6 yr, undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and/or ventilation tube insertion were randomized to receive intraoperative infusions of paracetamol (15 mg/kg), dipyrone (15 mg/kg) or placebo (0.9% NaCl). Evaluation was carried out at 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 6h postoperatively. Pethidine 0.25 mg/kg was utilized as rescue analgesic. Cumulative pethidine requirement was the primary outcome. Pain intensity measurement, pain relief, sedation level, nausea and vomiting, postoperative bleeding and any other adverse effects were noted. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in pethidine requirement between paracetamol and dipyrone groups. Cumulative pethidine requirement was significantly less in paracetamol and dipyrone groups vs. placebo. No significant difference was observed between groups in postoperative pain intensity scores throughout the study. CONCLUSION: Intravenous paracetamol is found to have a similar analgesic efficacy as intravenous dipyrone and they both help to reduce the opioid requirement for postoperative analgesia in pediatric day-case tonsillectomy.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Acetaminophen/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Tonsillectomy/methods , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Meperidine/administration & dosage , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
14.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(6): 508-513, Nov.-Dec. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604202

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare analgesia traditionally used for thoracic sympathectomy to intrapleural ropivacaine injection in two different doses. METHODS: Twenty-four patients were divided into three similar groups, and all of them received intravenous dipyrone. Group A received intravenous tramadol and intrapleural injection of saline solution. Group B received intrapleural injection of 0.33 percent ropivacaine, and Group C 0.5 percent ropivacaine. The following aspects were analyzed: inspiratory capacity, respiratory rate and pain. Pain was evaluated in the immediate postoperative period by means of the visual analog scale and over a one-week period. RESULTS: In Groups A and B, reduced inspiratory capacity was observed in the postoperative period. In the first postoperative 12 hours, only 12.5 percent of the patients in Groups B and C showed intense pain as compared to 25 percent in Group A. In the subsequent week, only one patient in Group A showed mild pain while the remainder reported intense pain. In Group B, half of the patients showed intense pain, and in Group C, only one presented intense pain. CONCLUSION: Intrapleural analgesia with ropivacaine resulted in less pain in the late postoperative period with better analgesic outcomes in higher doses, providing a better ventilatory pattern.


OBJETIVO: Comparar a analgesia tradicionalmente utilizada para simpatectomia videotoracoscópica à injeção intrapleural de ropivacaína em duas doses diferentes. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro pacientes foram distribuídos em três grupos semelhantes, e todos eles receberam dipirona endovenosa. O grupo A recebeu tramadol endovenoso e injeção intrapleural de solução salina. O grupo B recebeu injeção intrapleural de ropivacaína a 0,33 por cento, e Grupo C ropivacaína a 0,5 por cento. Os aspectos analisados foram: capacidade inspiratória, freqüência respiratória e dor. A dor foi avaliada no período pós-operatório por meio da escala visual analógica e durante o período de uma semana. RESULTADOS: Nos grupos A e B, a redução da capacidade inspiratória foi observada no período pós-operatório. Nas primeiras 12 horas de pós-operatório, apenas 12,5 por cento dos pacientes nos grupos B e C apresentaram dor intensa em comparação a 25 por cento no Grupo A. Na semana seguinte, apenas um paciente do grupo A apresentou dor leve, enquanto o restante relatou dor intensa. No Grupo B, metade dos pacientes apresentou dor intensa, e no Grupo C, apenas um apresentou intensa dor. CONCLUSÃO: A analgesia intrapleural com ropivacaína resultou em menos dor no pós-operatório tardio com os melhores resultados analgésicos nas doses mais altas, proporcionando um melhor padrão ventilatório.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Hyperhidrosis/surgery , Interpleural Analgesia/methods , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Sympathectomy/methods , Amides/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Endoscopy , Inspiratory Capacity , Pain Measurement , Treatment Outcome , Tramadol/administration & dosage
15.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 87(1): 36-42, jan.-fev. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-576127

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar o comportamento da temperatura em crianças febris medicadas com dose oral única do ibuprofeno (10 mg/kg), dose recomendada para febre alta, comparado à dipirona (15 mg/kg), dose preconizada pelo fabricante, após 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8 horas da medicação antitérmica. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico, aberto e randomizado (1:1), em crianças de ambos os sexos, com doenças febris, com idade entre 6 meses e 8 anos, temperatura axilar basal entre 38,0 e 40,3 °C, e divididas em dois grupos: febre alta (> 39,1 °C) e febre baixa (38,0 a 39,1 °C). A análise do comportamento baseou-se nos critérios de descontinuidade, segurança, resposta ao tratamento, tolerabilidade e eficácia terapêutica. RESULTADOS: Das 80 crianças, 31 permaneceram afebris ao longo de 8 horas (38,8 por cento), 100,0 por cento obtiveram decréscimo da temperatura com ambas as medicações nas 2 primeiras horas. No grupo de febre alta, 11 crianças medicadas com ibuprofeno foram mantidas até a 5ª hora (100,0 por cento), e 11 com dipirona até a 3ª hora (100,0 por cento). A eficácia antipirética na febre alta foi estatisticamente significante a favor do ibuprofeno na 3ª e na 4ª hora, e, na febre baixa, na 3ª hora após a medicação. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo demonstrou que, em dose oral única, o ibuprofeno proporciona atividade antipirética mais acentuada do que a dipirona, principalmente na febre alta. Ambas as medicações foram bem toleradas e seguras em curto prazo.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate temperature changes in febrile children that received a single oral dose of ibuprofen (10 mg/kg), the dose recommended for high fever, or dipyrone (15 mg/kg), the dose recommended by the manufacturer, at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours after administration. METHODS: This open-label randomized (1:1) controlled clinical tried enrolled 80 febrile boys and girls aged 6 months to 8 years with baseline axillary temperatures of 38.0 to 40.3 °C. The children were divided into two groups: high fever (> 39.1 °C) and low-grade fever (38.0 to 39.1 °C). The antipyretic effect was analyzed according to discontinuity, safety, response to treatment, tolerability and therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS: Of the 80 children, 31 remained febrile during the 8 hours (38.8 percent), but 100 percent had a temperature decrease in the first 2 hours after the administration of either medication. In the high fever group, the temperature fell in 11 children treated with ibuprofen up to the 5th hour (100.00 percent) and in the 11 that received dipyrone, up to the third hour (100.00 percent). The difference in antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen in the high fever group was statistically significant in the 3rd and 4th hours, and in the low-grade fever group, in the 3rd hour after medication. CONCLUSIONS: A single oral dose of ibuprofen has a greater antipyretic efficacy than dipyrone, particularly when the fever is high. Both drugs were well tolerated and safe in the short term.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Antipyretics/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Fever/drug therapy , Ibuprofen/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Antipyretics/adverse effects , Body Mass Index , Dipyrone/adverse effects , Ibuprofen/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
16.
Rev. dor ; 11(1)jan.-mar. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-562424

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A anestesia geral é a técnica mais utilizada para a realização dos procedimentos cirúrgicos de tratamento do câncer de mama, sendo também empregadas anestesia regional e a associação de ambas as técnicas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram observar a presença de dor pós-operatória, a necessidade de analgésicos e o tempo de permanência hospitalar.MÉTODO: Após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, participaram deste estudo aleatório e prospectivo, 40 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade variando de 25 a 55 anos, peso entre 50 e 100 kg, estado físico ASA I e II, submetidas à mastectomia ou quadrantectomia com axilectomia, sob bloqueio interpleural associado à anestesia geral. As pacientes foram divididas em quatro grupos de 10. LMC: levobupivacaína - morfina - clonidina; RMC: ropivacaína - morfina - clonidina; LMK: levobupivacaína - morfina - cetamina; RMK - ropivacaína - morfina - cetamina. A indução da anestesia geral foi realizada com a administração de etomidato (0,2 mg.kg-1), alfentanil (30 µg.kg-1) e rocurônio (0,6 mg.kg-1) e a manutenção com oxigênio e isoflurano (0,5 vol% a 3,0 vol%). O bloqueio interpleural foi executado no EIC5, linha axilar média, com agulha de Tuohy 17G, sendo administradas levobupivacaína a 0,5% (100 mg) com adrenalina 1:200.000 (5 µg.mL-1) ou ropivacaína 0,75% (150 mg), morfina (3 mg) e clonidina (150 µg) ou cetamina (0,5 mg.kg-1). A analgesia pós-operatória, analisada pela escala analógica visual (EAV), foi observada às 6h, 12h, 18h e 24h após o término do ato operatório.RESULTADOS: Quinze pacientes apresentaram dor pós-operatória leve, sendo: nos grupos LMC e RMC, uma entre 6 e 12h, uma entre 12 e 18h e duas entre 18 e 24h; no grupo LMK, duas até 6h, duas entre 6 e 12h e uma entre 12 e 18h; no grupo RMK, duas até 6h e quatro entre 6 e 12h. Utilizando o teste do Qui-quadrado observou-se diferença estatística significante entre o grupo LMC e os grupos LMK e RMK, assim como entre o grupo RMC e os grupos LMK e RMK. Aplicando o teste Exato de Fisher observou-se diferença estatística significante entre o tempo de observação até 6h e o tempo de 18-24h nos grupos LMC e RMC. Não ocorreram complicações relacionadas ao bloqueio interpleural. Foi necessário administrar somente dipirona para tratamento da dor pós-operatória.CONCLUSÃO: As pacientes que apresentaram dor pós-operatória necessitaram somente de analgésico comum (dipirona), sendo que todas tiveram alta hospitalar com 24h de pós-operatório.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: General anesthesia is the most widely used technique for breast cancer surgical procedures, being also used regional anesthesia and the association of both techniques. This study aimed at observing the presence of postoperative pain, the need for analgesics and hospital stay length.METHOD: After the Research Ethics Committee approval, participated in this randomized prospective study 40 female patients aged 25 to 55 years, weighing between 50 and 100 kg, physical status ASA I and II, submitted to mastectomy or quadrantectomy with axillectomy, under interpleural block associated to general anesthesia. Patients were distributed in four groups of 10: LMC: levobupivacaine - morphine - clonidine; RMC: ropivacaine - morphine - clonidine; LMK: levobupivacaine - morphine - ketamine; RMK: ropivacaine - morphine - ketamine. General anesthesia was induced with etomidate (0.2 mg.kg-1), alfentanil (30 µg.kg-1) and rocuronium (0.6 mg.kg-1) and was maintained with oxygen and isoflurane (0.5 vol% at 3.0 vol%). Interpleural block was induced in EIC5, median axillary line, with Tuohy 17G needle, with 0.5% levobupivacaine (100 mg) with epinephrine 1:200,000 (5 µg.mL-1) or 0.75% ropivacaine (150 mg), morphine (3 mg) and clonidine (150 µg) or ketamine (0,5 mg.kg-1). Postoperative analgesia evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) was observed at 6h, 12h, 18h and 24h after surgery completion.RESULTS: Fifteen patients referred mild postoperative pain being: in groups LMC and RMC, one between 6 and 12 h, one between 12 and 18 h and two between 18 and 14 h; in group RMK, two up to 6 h and four between 6 and 12 h. Using Chi-square test, there has been statistically significant difference between group LMC and groups LMK and RMK, as well as between group RMC and groups LMK and RMK. Fisher's Exact test has shown statistically significant difference between observation time up to 6 h and time of 18-24 h in groups LMC and RMC. There were no interpleural block-related complications. Only dipirone was needed to treat postoperative pain.CONCLUSION: Patients with postoperative pain only needed common analgesics (dipirone) and all were discharged 24 hours after surgery completion


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthetics/administration & dosage , Nerve Block/standards , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Pleura , Amides/administration & dosage , Nerve Block/methods , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/analogs & derivatives , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Double-Blind Method , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Length of Stay , Morphine/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies
17.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 17(3): 220-223, dic. 2009. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588846

ABSTRACT

Se repasa brevemente la clasificación y el perfil farmacológico de fármacos antiinflamatorios no esteroides con énfasis en su perfil farmacodinámico y eventos adversos. Se revisa el perfil farmacodinámico, farmacocinético, eventos adversos y lugar de la dipirona en la práctica clínica.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/therapeutic use
18.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 42(11): 1086-1089, Nov. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529097

ABSTRACT

Dipyrone (Dp), 4-aminoantipyrine (AA) and antipyrine (At) administered iv and Dp administered icv delay gastric emptying (GE) in rats. The participation of capsaicin (Cps)-sensitive afferent fibers in this phenomenon was evaluated. Male Wistar rats were pretreated sc with Cps (50 mg/kg) or vehicle between the first and second day of life and both groups were submitted to the eye-wiping test. GE was determined in these animals at the age of 8/9 weeks (weight: 200-300 g). Ten minutes before the study, the animals of both groups were treated iv with Dp, AA or At (240 μmol/kg), or saline; or treated icv with Dp (4 μmol/animal) or saline. GE was determined 10 min after treatment by measuring percent gastric retention (GR) of saline labeled with phenol red 10 min after orogastric administration. Percent GR (mean ± SEM, N = 8) in animals pretreated with Cps and treated with Dp, AA or At (35.8 ± 3.2, 35.4 ± 2.2, and 35.6 ± 2 percent, respectively) did not differ from the GR of saline-treated animals pretreated with vehicle (36.8 ± 2.8 percent) and was significantly lower than in animals pretreated with vehicle and treated with the drugs (52.1 ± 2.8, 66.2 ± 4, and 55.8 ± 3 percent, respectively). The effect of icv administration of Dp (N = 6) was not modified by pretreatment with Cps (63.3 ± 5.7 percent) compared to Dp-treated animals pretreated with vehicle (62.3 ± 2.4 percent). The results suggest the participation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers in the delayed GE induced by iv administration of Dp, AA and At, but not of icv Dp.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Afferent Pathways/drug effects , Ampyrone/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Antipyrine/pharmacology , Dipyrone/pharmacology , Ampyrone/administration & dosage , Animals, Newborn , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Antipyrine/administration & dosage , Capsaicin , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Rats, Wistar
19.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 53(3): 251-256, jul.-set. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-566958

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Relatos das prevalências de interações medicamentosas em hospitais brasileiros são escassos. Objetivos: Descrever a prevalência de interações medicamentosas potenciais entre os fármacos prescritos nas enfermarias clínicas e cirúrgicas de um hospital-escola. secundariamente, descrever as características dessas interações e relacionar a sua ocorrência com o número de medicamentos prescritos e a idade dos pacientes. Pacientes e Métodos: Os dados foram coletados durante uma semana de out/2007, de 2a a 6a feira, a partir da última ficha de prescrição encontrada nos prontuários, envolvendo 128 fichas de prescrição com 10,5±4,1 fármacos. Os pacientes tinham 58,6±16,9 anos e 51,2% eram homens. A doença cardiovascular foi a enfermidade principal (23,4%) e a comorbidade (42,5%) mais frequentemente encontrada. A análise das interações foi feita através de consulta a um sistema interativo (Micromedex®). Resultados: 485 interações foram encontradas, estando presentes em 79,7% (IC95%: 72,6-86,8) das fichas de prescrição (média 3,8). A interação mais frequente foi captopril/dipirona (9,7%), seguida por dipirona/furosemida (4,5%), e os fármacos mais envolvidos foram dipirona (29,3%) e captopril (21,2%). A maioria das interações tinha mecanismo farmacodinâmico (65,5%), gravidade moderada (55,5%), começo tardio (61,3%) e bom embasamento científico (71,1%). A prevalência de interações esteve associada fortemente com o número de fármacos prescritos (r=0,65, p<0,001) e fracamente com a idade do paciente.


Introduction: Reports of the prevalence of drug interactions in Brazilian hospitals are scarce. Aims: To describe the prevalence of potential drug interactions among the medical drugs prescribed in the clinical and surgical units of a teaching hospital. Secondarily, to describe the characteristics of drug interactions and relate their occurrence to the number of prescribed medications and patient age. Patients and Methods: The data were collected from Monday to Friday of a week in Oct 2007, starting from the last prescription form found in the medical charts, and involved 128 prescription forms with 10.5±4.1 drugs. The patients’ mean age was 58.6±16.9 years and 51.2% were males. Cardiovascular disease was the main disease (23.4%) and the most frequently found comorbidity (42.5%). The analysis of interactions was done through consultation with an interactive system (Micromedex®). Results: 485 cases of drug interactions were found, being present in 79.7% (CI95%: 72.686.8) of the prescription forms (mean 3.8). The most frequent interaction was captopril/dipyrone (9.7%), followed by ipyrone/furosemide (4,5%), and the most frequently involved drugs were dipyrone (29.3%) and captopril (21.2%). Most of the interactions had a pharmacodynamic mechanism (65.5%), moderate severity (55.5%), late onset (61.3%), and a good scientific basis (71.1%). The prevalence of interactions was strongly associated with the number of drugs prescribed (r=0.65, p<0.001) and weakly associated with patient age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Captopril/administration & dosage , Captopril , Captopril/adverse effects , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Dipyrone , Dipyrone/adverse effects , Dipyrone/pharmacology , Drug Prescriptions , Prevalence , Homeopathic Prescription , Hospitals, Teaching/organization & administration , Hospitals, Teaching , Hospitals, Teaching/trends
20.
Cir. & cir ; 77(1): 45-49, ene.-feb. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566689

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El dolor posquirúrgico es uno de los retos más importantes en cirugía, los estudios comparativos con ketorolaco en pacientes con cirugía de corta estancia se han restringido generalmente a la administración intravenosa. Por lo tanto, comparamos la eficacia analgésica de ketorolaco sublingual y metamizol en cirugía de corta estancia. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico controlado ciego simple; los pacientes recibieron 30 mg de ketorolaco sublingual o 1 g de metamizol endovenoso, cada ocho horas, durante las primeras 24 horas posoperatorio. Se evaluó dolor con la escala análoga visual (EVA). También fueron evaluados los efectos colaterales. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó t de dos colas o U de Mann-Whitney y la prueba exacta de Fisher o χ2, además del cálculo de reducción de riesgo absoluto, razón de momios (OR), intervalo de confianza a 95 %, reducción del riesgo relativo y número necesario a tratar. Resultados: El consumo de analgésico suplementario fue mayor en el grupo de metamizol pero sin diferencia significativa (p = 0.286). Durante el estudio, la EVA promedio fue menor para ketorolaco que para metamizol, sobre todo a las ocho horas de posoperatorio, pero sin diferencia estadística (p = 0.06). La reducción del riesgo absoluto para cuadros de dolor severo fue de casi 5 % (OR = 1.78). No hubo diferencia en la presentación de efectos adversos (p = 0.642). Conclusiones: Tanto ketorolaco como metamizol demostraron un efecto comparable y pueden ser utilizados con seguridad.


BACKGROUND: Therapeutic pain is one of the most important outcome measures in surgery. Comparative studies investigating ketorolac efficiency in ambulatory surgery have generally been restricted to IV administration. We compared analgesic effectiveness of sublingual ketorolac and metamizole in short stay surgery. METHODS: This was a randomized single-blind clinical trial. All patients received either a three-dose (30 mg) of sublingual ketorolac or 1 g of IV metamizole, respectively. We evaluated pain with a visual/analog scale (VAS). Side effects were also recorded. Statistical analysis included t-test or Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test or chi(2). Absolute risk reduction (ARR), odds ratio (OR), confidence interval (CI), relative risk ratio (RRR) and numbers needed to treat (NNT) were also evaluated. RESULTS: Rescue doses of analgesics were greater in patients receiving metamizole although the difference was not significant (p = 0.286). Mean VAS score was lower in the ketorolac group at 8 h after surgery, with no statistical difference (p = 0.06). ARR for severe pain score was almost 5% (OR = 1.78). Adverse effects did not show differences between groups (p = 0.642). CONCLUSIONS: Ketorolac and metamizole have comparable effects and can be safely used in ambulatory settings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Analgesia , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Ketorolac/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Administration, Sublingual , Injections, Intravenous , Single-Blind Method
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